Trachycarpeae - Livistoninae - Livistona
Trachycarpeae - Livistoninae - Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
Livistona R.Br.
informative descriptor
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Corypha-Type
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- cortex : developed
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : suberization and sclerosis of the existing ground parenchyma
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : present (often only in the central zone) ; absent
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder ; one strand in the subcortical and transitional zones and two in the central zone of the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- radiating parenchyma : present
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : cells slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4), lobed with a random (rhombohedral) shape (maximal length < 200 µm) and irregular meshwork (lacunae < 200 µm) ; rod-like cells (length > 200 µm; length / width > (3)–5) and more or less regular and large meshwork (lacunae > 250 µm)
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : present (Type B)
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 2 (3-4)
- tabular parenchyma : present
- end wall slope : slightly oblique
- specialisation value : 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : all around the fibrous part adjacent to the phloem throughout the central cylinder
- identification within "subfamily" or "tribe" : in all palm family ; subfamily Coryphoideae ; tribe Trachycarpeae ; without Arecoideae
cortex
central cylinder
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- radiating parenchyma : present
- tabular parenchyma : present
- paravascular parenchyma : developed
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : cells slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4), lobed with a random (rhombohedral) shape (maximal length < 200 µm) and irregular meshwork (lacunae < 200 µm) ; rod-like cells (length > 200 µm; length / width > (3)–5) and more or less regular and large meshwork (lacunae > 250 µm)
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : suberization and sclerosis of the existing ground parenchyma
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Corypha-Type
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded ; angular
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- vascular zone position : included in the fibrous dorsal cap (between the two auricular lobes) ; excluded from the auricular lobes only in the central zone
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : present (often only in the central zone) ; absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 2 (3-4)
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder ; one strand in the subcortical and transitional zones and two in the central zone of the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- Tomlinson's end wall type : moderately specialized
- end wall slope : slightly oblique
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3 – 3,76 – 4,33
- specialisation value : 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- wide metaxylem element : present
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : all around the fibrous part adjacent to the phloem throughout the central cylinder
fibrous vascular bundle
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : present (often only in the central zone) ; absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 2 (3-4)
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder ; one strand in the subcortical and transitional zones and two in the central zone of the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- paravascular parenchyma : developed
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded ; angular
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- vascular zone position : included in the fibrous dorsal cap (between the two auricular lobes) ; excluded from the auricular lobes only in the central zone
- tabular parenchyma : present
- Tomlinson's end wall type : moderately specialized
- end wall slope : slightly oblique
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3 – 3,76 – 4,33
- specialisation value : 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- radiating parenchyma : present
ground parenchyma
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : cells slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4), lobed with a random (rhombohedral) shape (maximal length < 200 µm) and irregular meshwork (lacunae < 200 µm) ; rod-like cells (length > 200 µm; length / width > (3)–5) and more or less regular and large meshwork (lacunae > 250 µm)
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : suberization and sclerosis of the existing ground parenchyma
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
numerical
present in fossil descriptions but not informative
- paravascular parenchyma : developed
- vascular zone position : included in the fibrous dorsal cap (between the two auricular lobes) ; excluded from the auricular lobes only in the central zone
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded ; angular
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3 – 3,76 – 4,33