first observed by J. C. Schoute. Üeber das Dickenwachstum der Palmen. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenz. Ser. 2, 11(26): 1–209, 1912.
J. Waterhouse and C. Quinn. Growth patterns in the stem of the palm Archontophoenix cunninghamiana. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 77(2):73–93, 1978.
The figure shows the elongation of the central ground parenchyma between the apex and the basal part of the stem.
those stems that have no increase in girth below the crown
those stems that over a period of time substantially increase in girth below the crown. This increase is due to expansion of intervascular tissue resulting from varying amounts of cell enlargement, cell division and the formation of schizogenous lacunae