Trachycarpeae - Copernicia
Trachycarpeae - Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
~ Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
informative descriptor
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Corypha-Type
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- cortex : developed
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : suberization and sclerosis of the existing ground parenchyma
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : present (often only in the central zone) ; absent
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder ; one strand in the subcortical and transitional zones and two in the central zone of the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- radiating parenchyma : present ; absent
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : spheroid to slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4) cells (∅ < 150 µm) and compact [sometimes few and little lacunae in old stems ; cells slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4), lobed with a random (rhombohedral) shape (maximal length < 200 µm) and irregular meshwork (lacunae < 200 µm) ; rod-like cells (length > 200 µm; length / width > (3)–5) and more or less regular and large meshwork (lacunae > 250 µm)
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : absent (Type A) ; present (Type B)
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 2 (3-4)
- tabular parenchyma : present
- end wall slope : slightly oblique
- specialisation value : 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars ; [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : all around the fibrous part adjacent to the phloem throughout the central cylinder
- identification within "subfamily" or "tribe" : in all palm family ; subfamily Coryphoideae ; tribe Trachycarpeae ; without Arecoideae
cortex
central cylinder
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- radiating parenchyma : present ; absent
- tabular parenchyma : present
- paravascular parenchyma : developed
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : spheroid to slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4) cells (∅ < 150 µm) and compact [sometimes few and little lacunae in old stems ; cells slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4), lobed with a random (rhombohedral) shape (maximal length < 200 µm) and irregular meshwork (lacunae < 200 µm) ; rod-like cells (length > 200 µm; length / width > (3)–5) and more or less regular and large meshwork (lacunae > 250 µm)
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : absent (Type A) ; present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : suberization and sclerosis of the existing ground parenchyma
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Corypha-Type
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- vascular zone position : excluded from the fibrous dorsal cap
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : present (often only in the central zone) ; absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 2 (3-4)
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder ; one strand in the subcortical and transitional zones and two in the central zone of the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- Tomlinson's end wall type : moderately specialized
- end wall slope : slightly oblique
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3 – 3,76 – 4,33
- specialisation value : 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars ; [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- wide metaxylem element : present
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : all around the fibrous part adjacent to the phloem throughout the central cylinder
fibrous vascular bundle
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : present (often only in the central zone) ; absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 2 (3-4)
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder ; one strand in the subcortical and transitional zones and two in the central zone of the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- paravascular parenchyma : developed
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- vascular zone position : excluded from the fibrous dorsal cap
- tabular parenchyma : present
- Tomlinson's end wall type : moderately specialized
- end wall slope : slightly oblique
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3 – 3,76 – 4,33
- specialisation value : 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars ; [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- radiating parenchyma : present ; absent
ground parenchyma
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : spheroid to slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4) cells (∅ < 150 µm) and compact [sometimes few and little lacunae in old stems ; cells slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4), lobed with a random (rhombohedral) shape (maximal length < 200 µm) and irregular meshwork (lacunae < 200 µm) ; rod-like cells (length > 200 µm; length / width > (3)–5) and more or less regular and large meshwork (lacunae > 250 µm)
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : absent (Type A) ; present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : suberization and sclerosis of the existing ground parenchyma
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent