Calamoideae (scandent)
Calamoideae Beilschm.
Only the scandent genera.
Calamoideae Beilschm. (scandent)
Calamoideae Beilschm. (scandent)
Calamoideae Beilschm. (scandent)
informative descriptor
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Calamus-Type
- cortex : very thin
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : permanent epidermis
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present ; absent
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : absent
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder ; two strands throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- radiating parenchyma : absent
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : spheroid to slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4) cells (∅ < 150 µm) and compact [sometimes few and little lacunae in old stems
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : absent (Type A)
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 1
- tabular parenchyma : absent
- end wall slope : slightly oblique ; transverse
- specialisation value : [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- multicellular epidermal hair : absent
- epidermal cells : erect (radially elongate)
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : simple or transitional
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : all around the fibrous part adjacent to the phloem throughout the central cylinder
- identification within "subfamily" or "tribe" : in all palm family ; subfamily Calamoideae ; without Arecoideae
cortex
- cortex : very thin
- multicellular epidermal hair : absent
- epidermal cells : erect (radially elongate)
central cylinder
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present ; absent
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- radiating parenchyma : absent
- tabular parenchyma : absent
- paravascular parenchyma : poorly developed or one layer of circumvascular cells
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : spheroid to slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4) cells (∅ < 150 µm) and compact [sometimes few and little lacunae in old stems
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : absent (Type A)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : permanent epidermis
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Calamus-Type
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 1
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder ; two strands throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- Tomlinson's end wall type : most specialized
- end wall slope : slightly oblique ; transverse
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3,54 – 4,3 – 4,55
- specialisation value : [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- wide metaxylem element : present
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : simple or transitional
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : all around the fibrous part adjacent to the phloem throughout the central cylinder
fibrous vascular bundle
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 1
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder ; two strands throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- paravascular parenchyma : poorly developed or one layer of circumvascular cells
- tabular parenchyma : absent
- Tomlinson's end wall type : most specialized
- end wall slope : slightly oblique ; transverse
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3,54 – 4,3 – 4,55
- specialisation value : [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- metaphloem sieve plate : simple or transitional
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- radiating parenchyma : absent
ground parenchyma
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : spheroid to slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4) cells (∅ < 150 µm) and compact [sometimes few and little lacunae in old stems
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : absent (Type A)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : permanent epidermis
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent