Arecoideae
Arecoideae Burnett
A specific description is here impossible to establish because of the numerous genera of this subfamily.
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
Arecoideae Burnett
certain
- von Mohl's classification : Cocos-Type ; Mauritia-Type ; Geonoma-Type
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Sagittata ; Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- cortex : developed ; very thin
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : permanent epidermis ; developed etagen meristem (alignment of more than 10 cells)
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : present ; absent
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present ; absent
- fibrous ventral cap : present (often only in the central part) ; absent
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : ?
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous dorsal cap (in subcortical zone) : strongly developed ; absent
- radiating parenchyma : absent
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : spheroid to slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4) cells (∅ < 150 µm) and compact [sometimes few and little lacunae in old stems ; cells slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4), lobed with a random (rhombohedral) shape (maximal length < 200 µm) and irregular meshwork (lacunae < 200 µm) ; rod-like cells (length > 200 µm; length / width > (3)–5) and more or less regular and large meshwork (lacunae > 250 µm) ; huge cells (∅ > 150 µm) [potential few and irregular lacunae] ; appendicular parenchyma connecting fvb
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : absent (Type A) ; present (Type B)
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate ; trapeziform to rondel (ex hat shaped)
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 1 ; 1 in the the subcortical zone and the zone of transition AND 2 in the central zone
- tabular parenchyma : present ; absent
- end wall slope : very oblique ; oblique ; slightly oblique
- specialisation value : [1] multiple perforation plates with "pithlike" perforations that span ≤ 1 vessel-parenchyma pit on the adjacent lateral wall ; 1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits">[2] multiple perforation plates with "narrow" perforations that span >1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars ; [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- multicellular epidermal hair : ?
- epidermal cells : ?
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous dorsal cap centrifugal differentiation : present ; absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound ; simple or transitional
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : all around the dorsal fibrous cap throughout the central cylinder ; largely restricted to the fvb of the subcortical zone in contact with the cortex
cortex
central cylinder
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present ; absent
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Sagittata ; Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : ?
- radiating parenchyma : absent
- tabular parenchyma : present ; absent
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : spheroid to slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4) cells (∅ < 150 µm) and compact [sometimes few and little lacunae in old stems ; cells slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4), lobed with a random (rhombohedral) shape (maximal length < 200 µm) and irregular meshwork (lacunae < 200 µm) ; rod-like cells (length > 200 µm; length / width > (3)–5) and more or less regular and large meshwork (lacunae > 250 µm) ; huge cells (∅ > 150 µm) [potential few and irregular lacunae] ; appendicular parenchyma connecting fvb
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : absent (Type A) ; present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : permanent epidermis ; developed etagen meristem (alignment of more than 10 cells)
- von Mohl's classification : Cocos-Type ; Mauritia-Type ; Geonoma-Type
- fibrous ventral cap : present (often only in the central part) ; absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 1 ; 1 in the the subcortical zone and the zone of transition AND 2 in the central zone
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous dorsal cap (in subcortical zone) : strongly developed ; absent
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate ; trapeziform to rondel (ex hat shaped)
- end wall slope : very oblique ; oblique ; slightly oblique
- specialisation value : [1] multiple perforation plates with "pithlike" perforations that span ≤ 1 vessel-parenchyma pit on the adjacent lateral wall ; 1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits">[2] multiple perforation plates with "narrow" perforations that span >1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars ; [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- fibrous dorsal cap centrifugal differentiation : present ; absent
- wide metaxylem element : present
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : present ; absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound ; simple or transitional
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : all around the dorsal fibrous cap throughout the central cylinder ; largely restricted to the fvb of the subcortical zone in contact with the cortex
fibrous vascular bundle
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Sagittata ; Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- fibrous ventral cap : present (often only in the central part) ; absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 1 ; 1 in the the subcortical zone and the zone of transition AND 2 in the central zone
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous dorsal cap (in subcortical zone) : strongly developed ; absent
- tabular parenchyma : present ; absent
- end wall slope : very oblique ; oblique ; slightly oblique
- specialisation value : [1] multiple perforation plates with "pithlike" perforations that span ≤ 1 vessel-parenchyma pit on the adjacent lateral wall ; 1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits">[2] multiple perforation plates with "narrow" perforations that span >1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars ; [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound ; simple or transitional
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous dorsal cap centrifugal differentiation : present ; absent
- radiating parenchyma : absent
ground parenchyma
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : spheroid to slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4) cells (∅ < 150 µm) and compact [sometimes few and little lacunae in old stems ; cells slightly elongated (length / width < 3–4), lobed with a random (rhombohedral) shape (maximal length < 200 µm) and irregular meshwork (lacunae < 200 µm) ; rod-like cells (length > 200 µm; length / width > (3)–5) and more or less regular and large meshwork (lacunae > 250 µm) ; huge cells (∅ > 150 µm) [potential few and irregular lacunae] ; appendicular parenchyma connecting fvb
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : absent (Type A) ; present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : permanent epidermis ; developed etagen meristem (alignment of more than 10 cells)
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : present ; absent